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In what ways did the New Right attempt to undermine social democratic Essay

In what ways did the New Right endeavor to subvert social vote based ways to deal with destitution and government assistance arrangement - Essay Example The convictions were permitted to shape all the political, financial and social approaches following severe Darwinism (Neoliberalism, n.d). Neo-radicalism is a political measurement comprising of two isolates angles that infrequently supplement or state something contrary to each idea. The new political conviction by the neo-nonconformists underlines the noteworthiness of the market system being prevalent as a road for the distribution of assets. Then again, there is an accentuation on the essentialness substance principles and opportunity as a method of assignment, aside from the market powers. In this manner, their idea underpins restricted mediation in the monetary framework by the system. The recommendation attacked by the neo-moderates premises on the plan of conditions for the ideal proficiency of the private division in the economy. Neo-preservationists are probably going to be slanted on requiring a rehash in confirmation of customary qualities on driving cultural issues and contradict multicultural setting of the general public (Wedd, 2000). The documentation above is proof that while the neo-moderates are against government intercession in the market, they would bolster government obstruction on issues identified with the lifestyle, which incorporate ethics and the lifestyle. For the market neo-dissidents, the component of the market can sufficiently address these issues. On destitution, the social fair hold that a government assistance state is achieved by the presence of an industrialist cultural arrangement. Further, it is accepted that an industrialist arrangement makes the phase for wastefulness and wastage. In such an express, the benefits edges from organizations don't represent the government assistance of the desperate, poor people and the crippled who wind up anguish. The general conviction of the social fair methodology is that the cultural individuals who are solid should deal with feeble cultural individuals. Thus, the social democrats have a

MyTaskBoard Using the Project Group

MyTaskBoard Using the Project GroupThe Project Group is the last bastion of work before you get to the MyTaskBoard. The Project Group is what you use to put in all the tasks that you need to do for your business. By using a Project Group, you will be able to get everything done in one shot.Before you get to the Project Group, there are some things that you have to learn about the MyTaskBoard. There are many different types of users and different uses for the MyTaskBoard. You will be able to get an overview of each type of user so that you can find the right one for you. You will also be able to get an overview of the different uses that you can get from your MyTaskBoard.Once you get to the Project Group, you can get started on the tasks that you need to do. In order to have an overview of the tasks, you will be able to set up the structure of the Project Group. There are different ways that you can create the structure for the Project Group. You can choose to use the style that is al ready pre-loaded for you can customize it yourself if you would like.Once you have set up the structure for the Project Group, you will be able to get to your MyTaskBoard. When you are doing your tasks, you will be able to manage them from your MyTaskBoard. You will be able to sort the items that you need to do so that you will be able to see how much time you have to work on them.You will also be able to add new tasks to your Project Group. You will be able to move your items to other lists and you will be able to take care of the different tasks on the first one. You will be able to use the filter to see who has had their list ticked off and who is still working on their tasks. You will be able to add or remove items from the Project Group at any time. You will also be able to set up rules so that only specific users will be able to add items to the Project Group. When someone does add items to the Project Group, they will be able to see their own requirements and how many items t hey need to do.When someone adds a new item to the Project Group, they will be able to add them to the MyTaskBoard. If you want to change what the MyTaskBoard is showing, you will be able to click on the 'mytaskboard' link in the top right corner of the Project Group. Once you change the MyTaskBoard, you will be able to see who has had their task ticked off and who is still working on their tasks.In order to succeed with your business, you have to be organized. You cannot be on top of your business. Without being organized, you are not going to get anywhere. By having a Project Group that you are able to create and use, you will be able to get your tasks done in one go.

An Ongoing Adolescence - 1116 Words

Translated to its literal meaning â€Å"pulling in† or â€Å"withdrawal† (Grisafe 2012), hikikomori is a Japanese phenomenon that has been a prominent social issue for years. First coming to light in1998, Japanese physiatrist, Tamaki Saito introduced the mental health issue in his book Hikikomori: An ongoing adolescence (Senju 2013). Today, the issue is increasingly worrying for not only Japan, but other international countries as young to middle aged men and women continue to drive towards the trend of complete reclusive behavior and acute social withdrawal. As of today, over one million people in Japan are hikikomori. A person who is defined as a hikikomori is one who withdraws from society for more than 6 months, usually hiding in their bedroom†¦show more content†¦Due to their parent’s high expectations to succeed in school, many victims may choose to isolate themselves as failure in school and a lack of social support can keep the hikikomori locked away for years. In Japan there is extreme pressure to get into a good university and get a well-paid job. For some, failing to do so results in people shutting themselves in. A large aspect of Japan’s enormous pressure on students comes from the entrance exams that students are required to take to get into specific junior high schools, high schools and universities. Failure to gain entry is a leading factor in becoming a hikikomori. The work required to do well in the infamously difficult entrance exams consists of extended hours of study and cramming schools, otherwise known as gakushÃ… « juku(Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã§ ¿â€™Ã¥ ¡ ¾)or juku (Ã¥ ¡ ¾) for short (Suzuki 2013). These fast paced, late night schools leave students with minimal hours of sleep and social time and extended period of study and cramming. Approximately 60% of all Japanese high school students attend juku (Cram Schools n.d.). Gogatsu-byÃ…  (May Disease, ä ºâ€Ã¦Å"ˆçâ€"…) is another school related motive of the hikikomori. It is when one doesn’t know how to cope with a change in their school or work environment, which results in overwhelming stress. It is closely related with depressi on. The

Changes and Upgrades to Roads and Public Places to Suit...

Introduction â€Å"According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Americans aged 65 and older account for 13 percent of the total population. This group increased by two percent each year between 2001 and 2009. And estimates show that the number of older Americans will only increase, with the first wave of Baby Boomers turning 65 in 2011. Over the next 15 years, America’s population aged 65 and older is projected to grow by another 60 percent. Currently, 16 percent of the nation’s drivers are 65 or older, up from 14 percent in 2000. Projections show that one in every five drivers will be 65 or older by 2025.† (AASHTO (2012)) Figure 1: Age Distribution and Median Age: 1960 to 2010 (Taken From ACRP 2014) As seen in the paragraph and figure above there are many Americans that are older than the age of 65 and in a few more years there will be even more that are still driving. Not only is it very difficult to drive at an older age but it is very difficult for elderly people to travel in general when their mobility is not as well as it was in the past. This paper will explain the policies, standards and strategies our country is using to help ensure elderly people will be able to travel by cars, planes, and any other form of transportation that can be offered to them. â€Å"While older men drive more than women of the same age, the gap is narrowing as older women remain more mobile. These women have attained higher economic and education levels than during previous generations, affording themShow MoreRelatedConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 PagesRetirement .............................................................................................................. ................ 14 Chart 4 Chart 5 Chart 6 Employed and Unemployed Population and Labour Force Participation Rate 2006-2011 ..................................................................... 15 Population Aged 15-64 Compared with Old-Age Dependency Ratio 2000-2020 .................................................................................................. 16 Regional Ranking ofRead MoreGoodlife Fitness Essay12449 Words   |  50 Pageskeeping a routine workout and a steady job throughout the day can make it difficult to attend many of these workouts, GoodLife Fitness has several 24 hour facilities. Indulging further into their target market by learning more about their lifestyle and needs, it has been determined that many women in this age group have children. In response to these busy mothers, GoodLife Fitness has created a child-minding program (JUMP) to eliminate objections and encouraging them to sign up. This program is open toRead MoreChemical Hazards43022 Words   |  173 PagesDisaster Management Authority Government of India ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful to the Core Group Members for their untiring efforts in helping the NDMA in the formulation of the National Guidelines on Chemical Disaster Management. I would like to place on record the significant contribution made by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi and National Safety Council, Mumbai for helping in designing the format of the document and providing lots of technical inputs from time-to-time. TheRead MoreEssay on Marketing Strategy for Marks and Spencer Food13771 Words   |  56 PagesThis assignment is about marketing, where I will produce a marketing strategy for a new or existing product. This unit introduces the major principle and functions of marketing; I will look on customer needs, and creating a suitable strategy or marketing mix, which will satisfy customer needs. In this unit I will experience the marketing process from carrying out initial research about a market, investigating the principles of functions of marketing and the way in which it contributes generatingRead MoreMarket Opportunities in E-Commerce, South Africa11786 Words   |  48 Pageswith another question: Why do consumers in South Africa still prefer shopping at a shopping mall as opposed to the convenient way of shopping online? In order for South African businesses to retail their respective products or services online, there needs to be a profitable market of users for the respective businesses to render their products or services. With theRead MoreMarket Opportunities in E-Commerce, South Africa11779 Words   |  48 Pageswith another question: Why do consumers in South Africa still prefer shopping at a shopping mall as opposed to the convenient way of shopping online? In order for South African businesses to retail their respective products or services online, there needs to be a profitable market of users for the respective businesses to render their products or services. With theRead MoreInformation Systems for You ( Fourth Edition ) Answers15938 Words   |  64 Pagesg.: accurate weather forecasting; space travel; processing of credit cards. √ √ √ Hardware √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Software Information Systems for you, Fourth Edition answers  © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2011 2 (b) Weather forecasting – The amount of data that needs processing would take a long time; Space travel – for working out accurately orbits, project planning, etc.; Processing of credit cards – Can process data very quickly without human intervention. 4 The points made in this paragraph could include pointsRead MoreCase Study on Ebay18810 Words   |  76 Pagesof new markets and the change in the mindset of the customer, local companies are more successful than before in keeping the MNCs at bay. Critically analyze this statement giving reasons for success/failure using relevant examples from the world of business. 5.The concept of e-commerce was introduced in China only in 1993 and it took some time for it to catch on. But once it did, e-commerce in China grew at a frantic pace. In this regard, discuss the opportunities and road blocks of Chinese e-commerceRead MoreBusiness in Singapore30736 Words   |  123 PagesTimeline to IPO - Professional Help to Pave th e Way - Costs Involved in a Listing Exercise SINGAPORE’S EMPLOYMENT LANDSCAPE - Employment Standards and Regulations - Employee Rights WORKING IN SINGAPORE - Types of Employment Passes - A Summary of Levy Changes for S Pass/ Work Permit - Statutory Board Contributions 42 TAXATION IN SINGAPORE - Introduction - Income Tax - Taxes on Individuals - Taxes on Corporation - Productivity and Innovation Credit (PIC) - Tax Incentives - Dividend Payment - TransferRead MoreThe Rise of China and Future of the West17670 Words   |  71 Pagesend with the grand ascendance of China and the onset of an Asian-centered world order. THE FUTURE OF CHINA AND NORTH ASIA MAINLAND CHINA, HONG KONG, TAIWAN, JAPAN, SOUTH AND NORTH KOREA. FROM HERE TO 2030 SUMMARY: Revision 2005 The global population of the North East Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan and the two Koreas ) attains 1,524 million in 2004. It would stabilize and reach about 1,542 million in 2030. The global GNI accounts for $7,565 Billion in 2004. We can expect about $28,000 Billion in

Target High Risk Areas For Medication Errors free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Target High Risk Areas for Medication Mistakes Medicine mistakes are among the biggest issues in wellness attention scenes today. The consequence of managed attention is one of the causative factors. The demand to incorporate costs has constantly doubled the nurses # 8217 ; work load doing them less efficient as health professionals. Example of job is the high incidence of medicine mistakes. Nurses # 8217 ; work load has increased enormously irrespective of the fact that most of these patients are of great sharp-sightedness, thereby predisposing them to a greater hazard of medicine mistakes. Medicine giving include five basic rights: Right patient, Right medicine, Right path, Right dosage, and Right clip. Contrary to the above is medication mistakes. Most medication mistakes reported involve patient allergic reactions, insulin disposal, Lipo-Hepin, opiates, patient controlled analgesia and K dressed ores. Most mistakes with PCA devices are with rate, misprogrammed dosage, incorrect concentration and device malfunction mistakes. However, deficiency of basic cognition and hapless public presentation have besides caused these mistakes. We will write a custom essay sample on Target High Risk Areas For Medication Errors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another country of great concern with medicine mistake is order written text. Poor Transcription or orders have resulted in incorrect information passed on to a patient Whether n a discharge or as an in patient. Clarification in the instance of uncertainty is a arm against order written text mistake. Most nurses have hapless concentration due to the sum of their work burden that they could barely name back the physician to clear up either the order clearly written or an illegible order, so geting to their ain premise. Administering m edication subsequently than specified clip ordered or missed medicine is an country of issue. Some preventives given before or after harmonizing to specified order are lifeguards. When a patient is scheduled for a surgery, contraceptive decoagulant is administered to forestall coagulums and possibly continues post-op. If such a patient is non given his/her medicine as ordered he could interrupt a coagulum ensuing to intercalation. Incorrect patient history has resulted to medicine mistakes. It is obvious that nurses # 8217 ; workload permits them with a limited clip that a complete or basic issue in patient history is neglected ensuing to a serious wellness crisis or of all time decease and cases. Poor certification is among the biggest issue with nurses. It has been said, # 8221 ; if you don # 8217 ; t chart is you didn # 8217 ; t make it # 8221 ; . Documenting decently bails you from a case. Most nurses are rather busy particularly with another patient of a high sharp-sightedness and hold no clip to see the other patient often as suppose or may non even been in the room for hours. A patient may decease between this clip, yet the nurse may document that patient was resting softly. Besides is the demand in documenting why a medicine or attention is non given to a patient at the scheduled clip. While the work load issues with nurses are increasing, it is still nurses Duty to be accountable for their actions. Bibliography The Necessities of Pediatric Nursing-Mosby pp.1103-08, 1262-75 Medical-Surgical Nursing-Polaski pp. 98-116, 172-185, 665-667

Ryanair - the Future Impact of Its Macro Environment free essay sample

The global recession affected the entire world economy, as well as the aircraft industry. But low-cost travel does not follow economic trends. Ryanair is planning to buy 50 new planes. Moreover, Michael O’Leary aims to increase passenger numbers from 75 to 85 million over the next two years. This means that discount airlines, including Ryanair, do well during recession. paragraph 14,p. 13) Consumers play an important role in the airline industry. Because of the recession â€Å"only low-cost airlines have posted much of a profit or done expansion on routes†. (paragraph 15,p. 14). Low prices alone do not fully explain their success, flight availability is more important for consumers. A frequent traveler says: â€Å"For a lot of us, the shift toward the low-cost carriers is not about price†. (paragraph 15,p. 14) The shift in consumer behavior in the last decade brought benefits to the low-cost airline companies. The macro environment has a big impact on the future development of Ryanair, but not necessarily in a negative way. We will write a custom essay sample on Ryanair the Future Impact of Its Macro Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although the current economic situation is not a favorable environment for the aircraft industry, due to the increase in fuel prices, the low-cost companies do well. Comac, the technological ambition for China will bring the benefit of cutting costs for Ryanair and the shift in consumer behavior towards the low-cost companies will increase the number of their customers. The environment is favorable for Ryanair, a booming business, with new flights landing at new airports.

Marcus Cocceius Nerva, First of Romes Good Emperors

Marcus Cocceius Nerva, First of Rome's Good Emperors Marcus Cocceius Nerva (November 8, 30 CE–January 27, 98 CE) ruled Rome as emperor from 96–98 CE following the assassination of the much-hated Emperor Domitian. Nerva was the first of the five good emperors and was the first to adopt an heir who wasnt part of his biological family. Nerva had been a friend of the Flavians without children of his own. He built aqueducts, worked on the transport system, and built granaries to improve the food supply. Fast Facts: Marcus Cocceius Nerva Known For: Well-regarded and respected Roman emperorAlso Known As: Nerva, Nerva Caesar AugustusBorn: November 8, 30 CE in Narnia, Umbria part of the Roman EmpireParents: Marcus Cocceius Nerva and Sergia PlautillaDied: January 27, 98 CE at the Gardens of Sallust, RomePublished Works: Lyric poetryAwards and Honors:  Ornamenta Triumphalia for military serviceSpouse: NoneChildren: Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Trajan, the governor of Upper Germany (adopted)Notable Quote: â€Å"I have done nothing that would prevent me laying down the imperial office and returning to private life in safety.† Early Life Nerva was born November 8, 30 CE, in Narnia, Umbria, north of Rome. He came from a long line of Roman aristocrats: his great-grandfather M. Cocceius Nerva was consul in 36 CE, his grandfather was a well-known consul and friend of Emperor Tiberius, his mothers aunt was the great-granddaughter of Tiberius, and his great uncle was a negotiator for the emperor Octavian. While little is known of Nervas education or childhood, he did not become a military professional. He was, however, well known for his poetic writings. Early Career Nerva, following in his familys footsteps, pursued a political career. He became praetor-elect in 65 CE and became an advisor to Emperor Nero. He discovered and exposed a plot against Nero (the Pisonian conspiracy); his work on this issue was so significant that he received military triumphal honors (though not a member of the military). In addition, statues of his likeness were placed in the palace. Neros suicide in 68 led to a year of chaos sometimes called the Year of Four Emperors. In 69, as a result of unknown services rendered, Nerva became a consul under Emperor Vespasian. Though there are no records to support the assumption, it seems likely that Nerva continued as consul under Vespasians sons Titus and Domitian until the year 89 CE. Nerva as Emperor Domitian, as a result of conspiracies against him, had become a harsh and vengeful leader. On September 18, 96, he was assassinated in a palace conspiracy. Some historians speculate that Nerva may have been involved in the conspiracy. At the very least, it seems likely that he was aware of it. On the same day, the Senate proclaimed Nerva emperor. When appointed, Nerva was already well into his sixties and had health issues, so it was unlikely he would rule for long. In addition, he had no children, which raised questions about his successor; it may be that he was selected specifically because he would be able to handpick the next Roman emperor. The initial months of Nervas leadership focused on redressing Domitians wrongs. Statues of the former emperor were destroyed, and Nerva granted amnesty to many whom Domitian had exiled. Following tradition, he executed no senators but did, according to Cassius Dio, â€Å"put to death all the slaves and freedmen who conspired against their masters.† While many were satisfied with Nervas approach, the military remained loyal to Domitian, in part because of his generous pay. Members of the Praetorian Guard rebelled against Nerva, imprisoning him in the palace and demanding the release of Petronius and Parthenius, two of Domitians assassins. Nerva actually offered his own neck in exchange for those of the prisoners, but the military refused. Finally, the assassins were captured and executed, while Nerva was released. While Nerva retained power, his confidence was shaken. He spent much of the remainder of his 16-month reign attempting to stabilize the empire and ensure his own succession. Among his achievements were the dedication of a new forum, repairing roads, aqueducts, and the Colosseum, allotting land to the poor, reducing taxes imposed on Jews, instituting new laws limiting public games, and exercising greater oversight over the budget. Succession There is no record that Nerva married, and he had no biological children. His solution was to adopt a son, and he selected Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Trajan, the governor of Upper Germany. The adoption, which took place in October of 97, allowed Nerva to placate the army by selecting a military commander as his heir; at the same time, it allowed him to consolidate his leadership and take control of the provinces in the north. Trajan was the first of many adopted heirs, many of whom served Rome extremely well. In fact, Trajans own leadership is sometimes described as a golden age. Death Nerva had a stroke in January 98, and three weeks later he died. Trajan, his successor, had Nervas ashes put in the mausoleum of Augustus and asked the Senate to deify him. Legacy Nerva was the first of five emperors who oversaw the best days of the Roman Empire, as his leadership set the stage for this period of Roman glory. The other four good emperors were Trajan (98–117), Hadrian (117–138), Antoninus Pius (138–161), and Marcus Aurelius (161–180). Each of these emperors hand-selected his successor through adoption. During this period, the Roman Empire expanded to include the north of Britain as well as portions of Arabia and Mesopotamia. Roman civilization was at its height and a consistent form of government and culture expanded across the entire empire. At the same time, however, the government became increasingly centralized; while there were benefits to this approach, it also made Rome more vulnerable in the long run. Sources Dio, Cassius. Roman History by Cassius Dio published in Vol.  VIII of the Loeb Classical Library edition, 1925.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Nerva.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica.ï » ¿Wend, David. Nerva. An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors.

What to Do If You Hate Your College Roommate

What to Do If You Hate Your College Roommate Frustrated with your roommate? Think he or she might be frustrated with you? Roommate conflicts are, unfortunately, part of many peoples college experiences, and they can be incredibly stressful. With a little patience and communication, though, it doesnt have to be the end of the roommate-relationship. At the same time, these same skill-sets  can go a long way toward determining if it would be best for each of you to find new roommates. Does Your Roommate Think Theres a Problem? If you think youre having roommate problems, there is one of two things going on: your roommate knows it, too, or your roommate is completely clueless. Things may be tense when the two of you are together in the room; conversely, your roommate may have no idea how frustrated you are at how often he finishes off your cereal after rugby practice. If your roommate isnt aware of the problem, make sure you know what it is thats really bugging you, before you try to address it with them. Get Clear About Your Issues In a space other than your room, sit and think about what is really frustrating you. Try writing down what is frustrating you the most. Is your roommate not respecting your space and/or things? Is she coming home late and making a lot of noise? Having too many people over too often? Instead of writing down last week, she ate all of my food AGAIN, try to think about patterns. Something like she doesnt respect my space and stuff, even though Ive asked her to might address the problem more and be easier for your roommate to handle. Address the Problem Once youve figured out the main issues, try to talk to your roommate at a time that is good for both of you. Its a very good idea to try to set this time in advance. Ask if you can talk when you are both done with morning classes on Wednesday, on Saturday at 2 p.m., etc. Set a specific time so that this weekend doesnt come and go without the two of you talking. Chances are, your roommate knows that you guys need to talk, so give him a few days to possibly put his thoughts together, too. On the same note, however, if you dont feel comfortable talking to your roommate directly, thats okay, too. But you do need to address it. If you live on campus, talk to your RA (Resident Adviser) or other hall staff member. They are trained to help residents with roommate problems and will know what to do, even if you dont. Speak Your Mind...But Listen, Too Using the list and notes you made, and possibly in a conversation facilitated by an RA, let your roommate know how you are feeling. Try not to attack your roommate too much, no matter how frustrated you are. Try using language that addresses the problem, not the person. For example, instead of saying, I cant believe how selfish you are when it comes to my things, try saying, It really frustrates me that you borrow my clothes without asking. The more you verbally attack your roommate (or anyone else, for that matter), the more her defenses are going to go up. Take a deep breath and say what you need to in a way that is constructive and respectful. After all, youd want the same from your roommate, right? And, as hard as it may be, try to listen to what your roommate has to say without getting defensive or interrupting. It may take you biting your cheeks, sitting on your hands, or mentally pretending that youre talking on a tropical beach, but do your best. Your roommate may have some valid reasons behind whats going on and be frustrated, too. The only way you are going to get to the bottom of everything is to put it out on the table, talk about it, and see what you can do. Youre in college now; its time to address this like the adult that you are. If youre having an RA facilitate the conversation, let him or her take the lead. If its just you and your roommate, try to address the things you both said in a way that can satisfy everyone. Most likely, you both wont leave 100% happy, but ideally, you can both leave feeling relieved and ready to move on. After the Discussion After you guys talk, things may be a little awkward. Which is, of course, fine and totally normal. Unless there are issues that you just cannot tolerate, give your roommate a little time to make the changes you discussed. He may be so used to how things have been going for two months that it will be hard to stop doing some of the things he didnt even know drove you nuts. Be patient, but also make it clear that you two came to an agreement and he needs to keep his end of the deal, too. Moving Out If things just arent working out, its not the end of the world. It doesnt mean you or your roommate did anything wrong. Some people just dont live well together! It may be that you both are much better friends than roommates. Or that you will rarely talk to each other for the rest of your time at school. Any situation is fine, as long as you feel safe and ready to move on. If you decide that you just cant stick with your roommate for the rest of the year, figure out what to do next. If you live on campus, talk to your RA again. If you live off campus, figure out what your options are in terms of the lease and relocating. You arent the first person ever to have a problem with a roommate; there are undoubtedly resources already available on campus to help you transition out. Regardless, do your best to remain civil and respectful, and know that your next living situation probably has nowhere to go but up!

Discussing animal rights and animal research in the classroom Article

Discussing animal rights and animal research in the classroom - Article Example Even though the research question is not clearly stated in the article, the author makes it clear that the research question is whether it is right or ethical to use animals in behavioral and biomedical research For this purpose, the researcher reviews two major philosophical positions used by animal activists and tries to stimulate a discussion in the classroom on the debate (Herzog, 1990, p. 90). 2. Introduction: The article has a very comprehensive introduction which tells the reader of the significance of the issue and the rational for the present study. The introductory part of the article reviews a large number of literatures to highlight the cruel and unjust practice of using animals for behavioral and biomedical research purposes. The introduction also deals with the efforts made by animal rights groups and movements, depicts animal rights controversy as a social issue, pinpoints the reformers’ versus animal liberators’ debates, and summarizes the two most influ ential perspectives used by animal rights activists to protect animals from such cruelties-the Utilitarian argument and the Rights argument (Herzog, 1990, p. 90-91). Both the groups consider animal research as immoral: while the Utilitarian proponents argue for ‘equal consideration of interests’ to animals, the Rights argument holds that animals’ rights should be preserved (Herzog, 1990, p. 90). 3. Methodology: The methodology used in the paper is quite innovative and interesting. The author divided the students in the class room into groups of five or seven and each group had to engage in role-play participation on an ACUC (Animal Care and Use Committee). Each group was assigned a research proposal on animal research; each group had to evaluate and either approve or reject the research proposal submitted to them based on the information provided in the proposal (Herzog, 1990, p. 91-92). For the purpose of the study, the author provided the class with four animal research cases where each group had to make the final verdict on whether the research is to be permitted or not. The author used this exercise with 150 students in five classes and the conclusions of the study are drawn based on the student responses to the exercises (Herzog, 1990, p.93). 4. Results: The results of the study are dealt with in the paper in terms of student responses after the classroom exercises. Each student who participated in the exercise was asked to make an anonymous evaluation of it (Herzog, 1990, p. 93). The author claims that the responses were extremely positive and out of the 150 students only two had negative responses (Herzog, 1990, p. 93). Most of the participants admitted that the exercise offered them a unique opportunity to develop their thoughts on the cruelties shown to animals in terms of animal researches and that it offered them life time valuable lessons (Herzog, 1990, p. 93). 5. Discussion/Conclusions: The study has got great relevance as it d eals with a very controversial topic in scientific research and it has got great implications in the modern era where a lot of animals are being used for research purposes. The exercise is not just a matter of logic; on the other hand, it needs to take into account such factors as the animal’s similarity to humans, their perceived intelligence, and ethical considerations (Burghardt & Herzog, 1980; Herzog, 1988, as cited in Herzog, 1990, p. 93). While psychologists and animal rights activists argue for ethical treatment of animals there are many others who support the right of researchers and scientists to use animals for scientific research and advancements. Thus, the exercise makes the learners become equipped to grasp animal rights and it is the responsibility of psychologists to convince the students of both the sides of the issue (Herzog, 1990, p.

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Company Law - Essay Example The essay starts by outlining the essence of the law of separate corporate personality. This will be followed by an outline of the case of John who is an employee of Diamond Car Sales as well as application of this law to the case. The essay will also look at the circumstances under which the corporate veil can be pierced. The main body of the paper will give a critical analysis of the facts that can lead the court to pierce the issue of corporate veil in certain instance. Essence of separate corporate personality Cillers et al (2004), state that an association of persons or an organised body can acquire legal personality by way of separate Act. Thus, when the company is formed as a separate entity, it acquires the capacity and authority to have its own rights and duties (Gibson, 1988). Thus, once the company has been incorporated, it can be viewed as a separate or independent person with rights and liabilities that it chooses for itself. This is reflected by the case of Salomon v Sa lomon& Co [1897] AC 22 (Hl). Salomon is the sole owner of the once glamorous company and he decides to turn the business venture into a limited company having realised that it had great potential. As such, Salomon got ?10Â  000 in debentures from the shareholders which were acquired through a bond of the company’s assets. ... This may involve creating a brand name for the company that is used as a source of identity which makes the company different from other enterprises. In as far as the aspect of corporate personality is concerned, it can be noted that the aim of the law is concerned with protecting the interests of the company since it is treated like an individual person with legal rights. For instance, Diamond Car sales built a strong corporate personality where it even went on to categorically state that there was no person who would directly compete with it after leaving the company within the first six months of termination of the contract. Situational analysis John is works for Diamond Car Sales and his contract states that upon termination of his employment, he cannot start a business that directly competes with Diamond Car Sales for a period of six months after the termination of his contract. Apparently, John’s contract is terminated and he decides to go into business straight away des pite the provisions of his contract. Fearful of the provisions of the principle of "Separate Corporate Personality" John wants to know if he can operate a business. John decides to set up a company with his son and it competes with Diamond Car Sales. However, John is neither a director nor shareholder of the new company, but he runs the business and everyone refers to him as "the boss." Against this background, this paper seeks to critically analyse the authenticity of Diamond Car Sales’ warning to John to cease trading or they will opt for legal action in order to stop him from trading in direct competition with the company. Case analysis In this

Essay --

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC) The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children is designed by Alan Kaufman and Nadeen Kaufman in 1983 for assessing mental processing and cognitive development in children. It was revised in 2004 as the KABC -II. First edition is used for children between the ages of 2,5 and 12,5 whereas the revised edition is used for children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age. There are two theoratical models in KABC-II. They are the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) psychometric model of broad and narrow abilities and Luria’s neuropsychological theory of processing. KABC-II consists of 18 subtests of two types: core and supplemantary. These subtests are grouped into 4 or 5 scales according to age and model. Luria’s model has Sequential Processing Scale, Simultaneous Processing Scale, Learning Ability and Planning Ability. CHC model has same scales but it renames them. They are Short Term Memory (Gsm), Visual Processing (Gv), Long Term Storage and Retrieval (Glr) and Fluid Reasoning (Gf) respectively. Also it has one more scale which name is Know...

Age and Second Language Acquisition Essay

For over sixty years scientists and linguists have been doing the researches about the second language acquisition and bilingualism among children. It has been discovered that second language acquisition is a parallel of the first language acquisition but also there are a lot of differences. At the beginning it must be said what the bilingualism and second language acquisition are. SLA (Second Language Acquisition) refers to the process by which people learn second language that means that they know one language and then start learning the other one. On the other hand, bilingualism refers to the ability to use two languages with equal fluency. But some scientists believes that even though those abilities are nearly equal, one language will always dominate above the other. There are three types of bilingualism: * Simultaneous: learning both languages as the first one. So a new born child who does not speak any languages goes directly to the phase that it speaks two languages; * Receptive: it means that children are able to understand two languages but express themselves only in one; * Sequential: refers to the acquisition of the second language after establishing the first one. As for the second language acquisition, there is main theory elaborated by the psycholinguist, Stephen Krashen, which consist of the five hypothesis: 1. The Acquisition-learning hypothesis. There are two independent systems: the acquired system and the learning system. Acquisition is the product of subconscious process, needs natural conversation in which speaker is focused on the communicative act, not on the form. It can be compared with the acquisition of the mother tongue by the child. Learning, on the other hand, is the product of formal instructions, so it is the conscious process. This is represented by the norms grammar, vocabulary and so on. It demands effort and attention. Krashen emphasizes that acquisition is more important than learning. 2. The Monitor hypothesis. This hypothesis explains the relation between acquisition and learning. As the acquisition is the initiator of the utterance, the learning is the editor. The function of monitor is, according to Krashen, to correct â€Å"deviations from normal speech and to give speech a more polished appearance†. 3. The Natural Order hypothesis. It is based on the claim that the acquisition of grammatical structures follows a natural order that can be predictable. It is also said that some grammatical structures are learnt earlier and some later and they seem to be depended on the learner’s age. 4. The Input hypothesis. This hypothesis explains, according to Krashen, how the second language is acquired. It explains only the acquisition not learning. This hypothesis shows that the learner processes along the natural order when one receives second language input that is beyond one’s current stage of linguistic competence. 5. The Affective Filter hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, there are some affective variables that are facilitative in second language acquisition. These are for example motivation, anxiety and self-confidence. It was claimed that learners with high motivation and self-confidence and low level of the anxiety are better â€Å"equipped† for success in second language acquisition. From the beginning of life, babies acquire their first language due to the same pattern. All children go through the same phases. These are: * bubbling, * one-word utterance, * two-word phrases, * full sentences, * complex grammar. As it is generally said, children acquire second language faster than adults. Children who are younger than 6 years old learn two languages as one. As one of the Harvard professors, Patton Tabors, in his book One Child, Two Languages: A guide for Preschool Educators of Children Learning English as a Second Language (1997, p. 12) noticed that â€Å"For these children, then, second-language acquisition is not a process of discovering what language is, but rather of discovering what this language is†. It means that all new elements of the language are developed as the acquisition of the first language. In the age of 6-7 children start to recognize and separate two languages. They learn the second language rather than acquire due to the way that the language is taught. Also it is worth noticing that some of the sounds of second language can be weird for child and not always he or she is capable to pronounce words properly. It results with foreign accent. According to Stephen Krashen, child acquires a second language by receiving input in the target language which is a little bit above their current level of acquired understanding. What is more, according to Krashen’s Affective Filter hypothesis, high motivation, self-confidence, a good self-image, and a low level of anxiety play great role in the second language acquisition among children. Children learn also by the imitation of adults. What is more SLA depends on the quantity of input, so the quantity of the parents speech. The more child hears, the more efficiently and faster he or she acquires. As I have mentioned, the second language acquisition makes a parallel of the first language acquisition but is slightly different. In 1983, Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell in their book The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the classroom (1983) distinguished five stages of second language acquisition among children. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory in United States organized them and listed. These are: 1. The Silent/Receptive or Preproduction Stage: The stage lasts from 10 hours to six months. During this time students know up to 500 words which they understand but do not feel comfortable to use them. This period is often called as silent because students may not speak but respond with simple gesture or with the simple answers like â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†. In this stage they can also understand new words that are made comprehensible to them. 2. The Early Production Stage: this stage can last more less six months until students learn approximately 1000 which they can understand and use. This stage is similar to the phases of one-word utterance and two-word phrases. Students are able to ask some Wh-questions and use simple negatives and of course â€Å"yes† and â€Å"no† answers. 3. The Speech Emergence Stage: this stage lasts another year. There are over 3000 words developed. In this stage students are able to use simple sentences, dialogues and they can ask simple questions and answer them. Longer sentences are produced but often with grammatical mistakes. 4. The Intermediate Language Proficiency Stage: it is next year after the speech emergence. Students developed up to 6000 words and make clear and correct statements. They can share their opinions and thoughts and speak at greater length. 5. The Advanced Language Proficiency Stage: it takes about five to seven years to speak second language fluently and without any grammar mistakes. By this stage students have developed some specialized vocabulary which is more less the same level as native speakers. Of course, the case of each student is different. Some can acquire second language faster and do not feel â€Å"blocked† from speaking. It all depends on the student’s will and involvement. It is said that adults are not able to acquire second language as quick as children but it can be misleading. Firstly, it has to be noticed that if children acquire second language it is mostly in the natural setting where they have natural contact with the language and can acquire all aspects of language and it is not only to say about grammar rules but also proverbs, phrasal verbs, vulgarisms and slang. On the other hand, adults mostly learn second language in classroom with other beginners and level of given lessons is adjusted to the student with the lowest level. In such conditions it is obvious that the second language acquisition takes more time than the SLA among children. In adult age, even though we understood and we are able to use correctly grammar rules, it is hard to acquire natural way of talking, it is the authentic, native-speaker pronunciation, which often determines the level of second language acquisitio n. It can be said that adults can exceed children in all aspects of SLA except the accent. For example, it is said that adults who learn Chinese or any other Far-East language will not ever acquire the language pronunciation properly. Of course any children who learn those language will acquire it not only properly but also without any traces of foreign accent. It happens because children can â€Å"shape† their vocal cords to pronounce words properly and it is impossible for adults whose vocal cords are already shaped. There are several linguists that had been doing the researches on the adult and children second language acquisition. I would like to present some of the results of those researches. Cartherine Snow, Bradford Marshall and Stefka Marinova-Todd say that the age does not constrict the acquisition of second language to achieve the native-speaker level. They argue that the speed of language acquisition and misattribution of age are the generalized misconceptions. On the other hand, Jean-Marc Dewaele demonstrates the need for the inclusion of emotional comm unication factor. He says that the competence will help learners in faster second language acquisition. However, other linguist, David Singleton, believes that only learners who are exposed to the second language early in life have chance to acquire completely second language. Children easily acquire the language and reach high level of success, while adults become fossilized on account of neurobiological assumptions. What is more, the wrong interpretation of the children’s acquisition speed misled to belief that children can absorb a language within months. Researches made in 70’s proved the opposite. Adults in the first stages were more efficient and absorbed language faster than children. It was explained by the neuroscientist who indicated that the localization of the languages in children’s and adults’ brain is different. Results made in 1990’s showed that two adjacent centers of activation in Broca’s area, which is responsible for the speech, were activated in adult learners whereas in children’s brains there was no separation of t his area. Although, the others scientists argue that brain is plastic and â€Å"flexible† so children can acquire more. With puberty people lose it. It leads us to the Critical Period Hypothesis which was presented by the American linguist, Eric Lanneberg. He argued that if the second language is not absorbed completely before the certain age, its total acquisition will not ever be possible. In so called critical period we can absorb second language by means of the Language Acquisition Device which includes the rules of the common grammar. According to other linguist, Noam Chomsky, all languages in the world have the same common grammar rules and what is more they are inborn and do not have to taught. It can be illustrated by the example of Genie, a feral girl, who in her early years, until she was 13, was tortured by her father and isolated from the society. Scientists could observe in which way she was absorbing the language. And as a result, she never acquired language completely. On the other hand, the world is full of people who acquired second language perfectly after the critical period. For example pope John Paul II who spoke eight languages fluently or Ioannis Ikonomou, who works in European Commission, who speaks fluently in thirty two languages. Summing up, there is the great disagreement between scientist if the early ages helps or rather slows down the second language acquisition. Also the arguments about Genie, who could not absorb any language completely due to the vanished language acquisition device or about Ioannis Ikonomou who fluently speaks thirty two languages do not help to prove it completely. It all depends on personal ability of each person. References: 1. Genesee Fred, Neuropsychology and Second Language Acquisition, New York, 1988. 2. Gitsaki Christina, Second Language Acquisition Theories: Overview and Evaluation, Journal of Communication and International Studies, volume 4, 1998, p. 89-98, retrieved from Internet at http://espace.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:9550/L2-theories.htm, last revised on November 27th 2012. 3. Grisel Aloin, Child-Adult differences in Second Language Acquisition. Part 1, 2010, retrived from Internet at http://www.examiner.com/review/child-adult-differences-second-language-acquisition-part-1, last revised on December 1st 2012. 4. Grisel Aloin, Child-Adult differences in Second Language Acquisition. Part 2, 2010, retrived from Internet at http://www.examiner.com/review/child-adult-differences-second-language-acquisition-part-2, last revised on December 1st 2012. 5. Krashen Stephen and Terrell Tracy, The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the classroom, Michigan, 1983. 6. Schà ¼tz Ricardo, Stephen Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition, retrieved from Internet at http://www.sk.com.br/sk-krash.html, last revised on November 28th 2012. 7. Tabors Patton, One child, two languages, Baltimore, 1997, p. 12. 8. Website of the European Commission, retrieved from Internet at http://ec.europa.eu/languages/orphans/faq_pl.htm, last revised on December 2nd 2012.

Teamwork and Leadership Approaches, Challenges, and Best...

In today’s organisational world, success is dependent on the quality of the employees’ skills, efforts, and innovation. There are varying approaches to gather these employees on a team, usually headed by a leader. On that note, Marcousà © (2005 p. 234) states that â€Å"[l]eadership, at its best, means inspiring staff to achieve demanding goals.†However, leader types and team structures can face a number of challenges which restrict positive outcomes. This can be prevented by attaining best practice, which is â€Å"a ‘set’ a human resources practices that have the potential to enhance organisational performances when implemented†(Beardwell, 2007 p. 669). Hence, with the various existing approaches on leadership and teamwork come challenges which can†¦show more content†¦There are various factors which cause unsuccessful leaders, failed teamwork, and bad decision making. The challenges are often due to defective leader types, unsucces sful combination of people working together and other external factors. The main challenge in teamwork and leadership is personality. Some individuals have difficult personalities, and occasionally, dysfunctional personal attributes which cause destructive behavior. Such is the case with toxic leaders who misuse their position of power and leave a negative impact on their followers (Kusy, 2009 p. 4). Narcissists, control freaks or those with personality type A, and manipulators are all types of toxic leaders. Working with, or under, these leaders disrupts the harmony within a team, and shifts the members’ objectives and values (Kusy, 2009 p. 4). Emotionally unstable team members can also limit group productivity by what is called the bad apple effect, whereby the unstable members spread their negative energies to the rest of the team. Furthermore, teams made up of one personality type present challenges. 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